Comparative Analysis of Physio-chemical and Yield Characteristics of Different Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) F1 Hybrids under Rainfed Conditions

Abstract

Rainfed agriculture plays a critical role in providing livelihoods and food security for millions of people around the world. However, the vulnerability of rainfed areas to climate change poses significant challenges to vegetable production in these regions. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is an economically significant crop in rainfed areas which is known for its high nutritional value and sweet taste. This study aims to compare the physio-chemical and yield attributes of various F₁ hybrids of watermelon to identify the potential of superior cultivars under rainfed conditions. Seven different F₁ hybrids were evaluated under field conditions in a randomized complete block design. Physio-chemical attributes including days to germination, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pH were measured. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant variations among the F₁ hybrids for all measured attributes. The minimum days of germination and number of days to female flower appearance were observed in Anarkali F₁ and maximum number of primary branches and greater number of female and male flowers per plant was found in Anarkali F₁. Minimum numbers of female and male flowers were recorded in Big Ball F₁. Anarkali F₁ was found to be good variety for fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. The highest TSS (Brix°) was found in Anarkali F₁ followed by Century F₁ and Reo Grandy F₁ and lowest TSS (Brix°) was recorded in Black Chairman and Big Sweet F₁. In conclusion Anarkali F₁ exhibited the best physio-chemical and yield properties. These findings can assist farmers, breeders and researchers in selecting suitable watermelon hybrids to increase yield and quality.