Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Commercial Broiler Feeds at Karachi and Surroundings

Abstract

The poultry industry in Pakistan is a vital sector, accounting for 28% of the country's total meat production. Its growth rate is between 10% and 15% annually. However, if faulty components are used without proper sanitary precautions and feed is not thoroughly examined that can lead to the spread of diseases that harm both humans and animals. This research aims to identify and isolate disease-producing organisms in poultry feed to aid in diagnosis of microbial illnesses before treatment and control measures are implemented. During present study a total of hundred (n=100) Commercial broiler feed samples in triplets were analyzed according to Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) (Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology. (1978). Bacteriological analytical manual (Vol. 1) by cultural techniques, microscopy, to detect the presence of Salmonella spp., E. Coli, coliforms, Y&M, APC, and fecal coliforms. Then each isolate was identified by biochemical testing that included Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer test, Citrate Utilization, Motility, Gas and Lactose tests. Out of 100 samples, 97 had an APC count, 68 showed growth for Y&M, 27 had coliforms and fecal coliforms, 13 had E. coli, 12 had positive growth for Salmonella spp., statistics valid in the form of overall percentage (%) detected microbial contaminants in feed samples, showed that out of all 100 samples, 40% had an aerobic plate count, 28% had mold and yeast, 11% had coliforms, and 11% had fecal coliforms. In entire samples, E. coli and Salmonella was detected only 5% each. It is concluded from present study that pathogens like Salmonella, E. coli, yeast, and molds were isolated and identified from commercial broiler feeds may be a source of salmonellosis, colibacillosis, mycotoxicosis hence causing financial losses because of low FCR, treatment cost and drop in production and significant burden on public health because of use of antibiotics for infected birds treatment may be a source of Anti-Microbial Resistance. Continuous Scientific research, aseptic handling, buying top quality ingredients, hygienic production of feeds, proper silos and storage facilities with regular check and balance for ingredients through R&D labs should be ensured for minimizing contaminants