Comparative Analysis of Herbal Treatments of Aeromonas hydrophila: A Fish Pathogen

Abstract

One of the main obstacles to sustainable animal production, particularly in aquaculture, is disease, which can result in severe financial damage. A common, free-living, gram-negative bacterium known as Aeromonas hydrophila causes a variety of illnesses, including epizootic ulcerative syndrome and aeromonad septicemia, in aquatic settings with a widespread occurrence. Several farmed fish have been killed as a result of this parasitic disease. Various chemotherapeutic treatments have historically been employed to cure it, but due to their lingering effects and other adverse impacts, such as antibiotic resistance and destruction of the environment, they cannot be advised. For millions of years, people have employed plants and other natural resources to treat a wide range of human issues. As a result, there has been a lot of interest in using these plants in aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapies and antibiotics. Since they are inexpensive, easy to prepare, and don't have a lot of harmful effects on the environment or animals, these plants are gaining more and more attention around the world. Any part of the plant, including the roots, leaves, seeds, flowers, or extract chemicals, may be employed. Plants primarily function as immune system boosters and growth regulators, acting as an antimicrobial to the host immune response. This review is largely concerned with a variety of plants, such as herbs, seeds, and spices, in a variety of forms, such as crude, extracts, blended components, and bioactive elements. These plants are used as immunomodulators to prevent and control Aeromonas hydrophila in fish by significantly boosting their immune systems. The in vivo effects of several herbs and their constituents on the immune systems of various fish species as well as defense against a dangerous microbe Aeromonas hydrophila are addressed in this review